16週5-5Living with the Tids:Rocky and Sandy Shores Haves?段落翻譯

5-5Living with the Tids:Rocky and Sandy Shores Haves Different Types of Organisms


The graviational pull of the moon and sun causes tidesto rise and fall about every 6 hours in certain coastalareas . The area of shoreline between low and high tides is called the intertidal zone . Organisms living inthis zone must be able to avoid being swept away or crushed by waves , and must cope with being immersed during high tides and left high and dry (and much hotter) at low tides . They must also survivve changing levels of salinity when heavy rains dilute saltwater . To deal with such stresses , most intertidal orgaanisms hold on to something , dig in , or hide in protective shells.


On some coasts , steep rocky shores are pounded by waves . The numerous pools and other niches in their intertidal zones contain a great variety of species that occupy different niches in response to daily and seasonal changes in enviromental conditions such as temperture , water flows , and salinity (Figure 5-25, top) .


Other coast have gently sloping barrier beaches , or sandy shores , with niches for different marine organisms (Figure 5-25, bottom) . Most of them keep hidden from view and survive by burrowing , digging , and tunneling in the sand . These sandy beaches and their adjoining coastal wetlands are also home to a variety of shorebirds that feed in specialized niches on crustaceans , insect , and other organisms (Figure 4-5 , p.68).



翻譯:

潮汐間的生活:多岩石和沙質的潮間帶富含許多生物體



由於月球和太陽的引力，某些沿海地區大約每6個小時漲潮和退潮。該地區海岸的高低潮線之間被稱為潮間帶。生活在這個區域，生物體必須能夠避免被沖走或被波浪壓碎，而且必須應付沉浸在漲潮的時候和退潮時的高溫及缺水(和許多熱)。他們還必須存活在各級鹽度中，當大雨時鹽度稀少，為了應付這類情況，大多數潮間帶的生物保存在某物中，或把自己埋起來，或藏在保護殼裡。



在一些沿海地區，海岸陡峭的岩石是受到波浪衝擊。眾多的潮間帶包含了不同類型的物種，針對日常和季節性的環境變化佔據不同的領域，如溫度、水流和鹽度(圖5-25頂端)。



其他沿海地區平緩的海灘或沙岸，具有各種領域的海洋生物(圖5-25底部)。他們大多在隱藏處生存和觀察，或在沙堆裡挖洞穴。這些沙灘及鄰近的沿海濕地也提供居住地給各種甲殼類動物、昆蟲和其他生物(圖4-5 P68)。



未受干擾的海岸一般有一列或更多的自然沙丘，草的根源會抓住沙丘，這個自然沙丘是大海毀壞時的第一道防線，這種資產是非常保貴的，但沿海的開發者卻經常不保護沙丘或在第一沙丘後建立他們的建築物和道路。大風暴接著可以造成洪水，甚至橫掃海邊的建築物，嚴重削弱了海灘。有些人錯誤的把人類活動的影響稱為"自然災害"。